There are two types of accessing the FTP server: The configuration file for vsftpd FTP server is /etc/nfĪctually, the FTP server in Linux is one of the easiest servers that you can work with. Once you’ve installed the package, you can run the service and enable it to run at boot time. On Debian based distros like Ubuntu, you can install it like this: $ sudo apt-get install vsftpd Some Linux distros shipped with vsftpd, anyway, if you want to install it on Red Hat based systems, you can use the following command: Can jail users into their home directories.Can run as a normal user with privilege separation.Vsftpd has some security features which makes it on the top like: There are several FTP servers available for you to use, commercial and open source. ![]() In passive mode, the control and data connections started by the FTP client. ![]() That’s why the FTP is a connection-hungry protocol because every time you make a data connection (like transfer a file), the server will do the above process, and this is done with all clients connected to the server. The server will open a random port and give this port number to the client. If the FTP client requests a file, it will issue the PASV FTP command. In passive mode, the client starts the control connection from a random port to the destination port 21 on the remote server. If you are using the iptables firewall, I recommend you review the Linux iptables firewall to know how to allow specific ports. When you need to transfer a file, the remote FTP server will open port 20 to connect to the FTP client.Īctive mode connections usually have problems with firewalls, TCP ports 20 and 21 should be open on your firewall.īecause of these problems with firewalls of active mode, we can use the passive mode. You can check your ephemeral port range using this command: $ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range The client connects from a random ephemeral source port to the FTP control port 21. When the FTP client starts a transfer, there is an option on your FTP client that controls whether you want to use active or passive FTP connection. Passive connections initiated by the client to the remote server, and the server waits for requests. When you transfer a file, the data connection starts.Īctive connections are initiated by the remote server, and the client waits for server requests. When you establish an FTP connection, the TCP port 21 opens to send your login credentials this connection is called control connection. Control connection also called a command connection.There are two types of FTP connections you can initiate: To send or receive files from an FTP server, you can use FTP commands these commands are executed consecutively. ![]() FTP server works with the client-server architecture to communicate and transfer files.įTP is a stateful protocol, which means connections between clients and servers stay open during an FTP session.
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